Type Standards for the RiskScape System V1.0

Type Standards for the RiskScape System

Asset Types

All assets used by RiskScape must be defined as one of the following asset types.

• Agriculture
• Buildings
• Electricity Cables
• Electricity Distribution Network
• Electricity Substations
• Electricity Transmission Structures
• Network Junction Points
• Open Space
• On-Ground Reservoirs
• Pipelines
• Pump Stations
• Railways
• Roads
• Telecommunication Cables
• Telecommunication Equipment
• Telecommunication Infrastructure
• Telecommunication Transmission Structures
• Treatment Plants
• Waterways
• Wells

Asset Attributes

Each asset database must specify the following attributes. Valuations (in italics) may be specified multiple times in a single database (eg day-time and night-time occupancy). For information on the possible values of each attribute, see below:

• Agriculture ( )
• Buildings ( Basement Levels, Building Earning Potential, Condition, Construction Type, Contents Value, Criticality, Deprivation Index, Floor Area, Floor Height, Floor Type, Footprint Area, Occupancy, Parapet, Plant Value, Replacement Cost, Roof Cladding Class, Roof Pitch, Services Value, Stock Value, Storeys, Use Category, Vehicle Value, Vehicles, Wall Cladding Class, Year of Construction, )
• Electricity Cables ( Electricity Cable Conduction Material, Electricity Cable Insulation Material, Electricity Cable Type, Electricity Voltage Level, Length, )
• Electricity Distribution Network ( )
• Electricity Substations ( Condition, Electricity Substation Plant Components, Electricity Voltage Level, Floor Type, Seismic Restraining, Utilities Building Condition, Utilities Building Construction Type, Utilities Building Storeys, Utilities Building Year of Construction, Year of Construction, )
• Electricity Transmission Structures ( Condition, Electricity Transmission Structure Type, Year of Construction, )
• Network Junction Points ( Junction Type, Restraint, Year of Construction, )
• Open Space ( Occupancy, )
• On-Ground Reservoirs ( Seismic Restraining, )
• Pipelines ( Depth, Diameter, Flexibility, Length, Importance Function, Pipe Capacity, Pipe Joint Type, Pipe Material, Pipe Support, Pipe Type, Replacement Cost, Service, Support, Year of Construction, )
• Pump Stations ( Capacity, Floor Type, Seismic Restraining, Support, Utilities Building Condition, Utilities Building Construction Type, Utilities Building Storeys, Utilities Building Year of Construction, Year of Construction, )
• Railways ( Lines, Operational Status, Railway Use Category, Replacement Cost, Rolling Stock, Year of Construction, )
• Roads ( Occupancy, Replacement Cost, Road Class, Road Situation, Surface, Vehicles, Width, )
• Telecommunication Cables ( Importance Function, Number of lines, Replacement Cost, Support, Year of Construction, )
• Telecommunication Equipment ( Condition, )
• Telecommunication Infrastructure ( Condition, )
• Telecommunication Transmission Structures ( Condition, Year of Construction, )
• Treatment Plants ( Capacity, Floor Type, Seismic Restraining, Support, Utilities Building Condition, Utilities Building Construction Type, Utilities Building Storeys, Utilities Building Year of Construction, Year of Construction, )
• Waterways ( Accessibility, Lining, Replacement Cost, Waterway Type, )
• Wells ( Capacity, Depth, )

Attribute Types

Attributes of assets are strictly defined, as per the table below. Values specified in asset datafiles which are converted to RiskScape modules must match the given categories or ranges. RiskScape asset modules will always present the category number or absolute value of the attribute depending on its type.

Type:	Applies To:	Category:	Unit:	Range:
Accessibility
	Waterways	1 : Vehicular Access 2 : No Vehicular Access	-	N/A
Basement Levels
	Buildings	-		0 -
Building Earning Potential
	Buildings	-	NZ$	0 -
Capacity
	Pump Stations Treatment Plants Wells	-	Ml/day	0 -
Condition
	Buildings Electricity Substations Electricity Transmission Structures Telecommunication Equipment Telecommunication Infrastructure Telecommunication Transmission Structures	1 : Sound 2 : Deficient	-	N/A
Construction Type
	Buildings	1 : Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall 2 : Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame 3 : Steel Braced Frame 4 : Steel Moment Resisting Frame 5 : Light Timber 6 : Tilt Up Panel 7 : Light Industrial 8 : Advanced Design 9 : Brick Masonry 10 : Concrete Masonry 11 : Unknown Residential 12 : Unknown Commercial	-	N/A
Contents Value
	Buildings	-	NZ$	0 -
Criticality
	Buildings	1 : Not Critical 2 : Critical	-	N/A
Deprivation Index
	Buildings	1 : DI 1 2 : DI 2 3 : DI 3 4 : DI 4 5 : DI 5 6 : DI 6 7 : DI 7 8 : DI 8 9 : DI 9 10 : DI 10	-	N/A
Depth
	Pipelines Wells	-	m	unbounded
Diameter
	Pipelines	-	mm	0 -
Electricity Cable Conduction Material
	Electricity Cables	1 : Aluminium 2 : Copper 3 : Other	-	N/A
Electricity Cable Insulation Material
	Electricity Cables	1 : PILCA 2 : XLPE 3 : PILCA HDPE 4 : PVC 5 : NS 6 : TPS 7 : TPC 8 : PIAS 9 : Other	-	N/A
Electricity Cable Type
	Electricity Cables	1 : Overhead 2 : Buried	-	N/A
Electricity Substation Plant Components
	Electricity Substations	1 : Circuit Breaker(s) 2 : Disconnect Switch(s) 3 : Transformer(s) 4 : Circuit Breaker(s)/Disconnect Switch(s) 5 : Circuit Breaker(s) /Transformer(s) 6 : Disconnect Switch(s)/ Transformer(s) 7 : Circuit Breaker(s)/Disconnect Switch(s)/Transformer(s)	-	N/A
Electricity Transmission Structure Type
	Electricity Transmission Structures	1 : Steel Lattice 2 : Aluminium Lattice 3 : Tubular Steel 4 : Timber Monopole 5 : Timber Double Pole 6 : Timber Triple Pole 7 : Reinforced Concrete 8 : Reinforced Fibre Composite	-	N/A
Electricity Voltage Level
	Electricity Cables Electricity Substations	1 : 11 kV 2 : 33 kV 3 : 66 kV 4 : 110 kV 5 : 220 kV 6 : 350 kV 7 : Other	-	N/A
Flexibility
	Pipelines	1 : Brittle 2 : Ductile	-	N/A
Floor Area
	Buildings	-	m²	0 -
Floor Height
	Buildings	-	m	unbounded
Floor Type
	Buildings Electricity Substations Treatment Plants Pump Stations	1 : Timber 2 : Concrete Slab	-	N/A
Footprint Area
	Buildings	-	m²	0 -
Length
	Electricity Cables Pipelines	-	m	0 -
Importance Function
	Telecommunication Cables Pipelines	1 : System 2 : Network Primary 3 : Network Distribution Primary 4 : Distribution Primary 5 : Rural Distribution Primary 6 : Secondary 7 : Rural Secondary	-	N/A
Junction Type
	Network Junction Points	1 : Valve 2 : Pump 3 : Transformer 4 : Switch/Distribution Box 5 : Other	-	N/A
Lines
	Railways	1 : Single 2 : Multiple 3 : Unknown	-	N/A
Lining
	Waterways	1 : Earth 2 : Concrete 3 : Timber 4 : Rock 5 : Natural	-	N/A
Number of lines
	Telecommunication Cables	-	lines	0 -
Occupancy
	Buildings Roads Open Space	-	-	N/A
Operational Status
	Railways	1 : Operating 2 : Not Operating 3 : Unknown	-	N/A
Parapet
	Buildings	1 : No Parapet 2 : Has Parapet	-	N/A
Pipe Capacity
	Pipelines	-	m3/sec	0 -
Pipe Joint Type
	Pipelines	1 : Segmented 2 : Continuous	-	N/A
Pipe Material
	Pipelines	1 : PVC 2 : Ductile Iron 3 : PE 4 : GI 5 : CI 6 : GRP 7 : Copper 8 : Steel 9 : AC 10 : Concrete 11 : RC 12 : PP 13 : EW 14 : ABS 15 : Corrugated Aluminium 16 : Timber 17 : PB	-	N/A
Pipe Support
	Pipelines	1 : Exposed 2 : Buried 3 : On Seabed 4 : Exposed on Bridge 5 : Exposed at River Crossing 6 : Exposed on Ground	-	N/A
Pipe Type
	Pipelines	1 : Main 2 : Reticulation 3 : Bulk 4 : Submain 5 : Lateral	-	N/A
Plant Value
	Buildings	-	NZ$	0 -
Railway Use Category
	Railways	1 : Passenger 2 : Freight 3 : Passenger and Freight 4 : Siding 5 : Tourist 6 : Other 7 : Unknown	-	N/A
Replacement Cost
	Buildings Roads Pipelines Railways Telecommunication Cables Waterways	-	NZ$	0 -
Reservoir Material Type
	On-ground Reservoirs	1 : Timber 2 : Steel 3 : Concrete 4 : Plastic	-	N/A
Restraint
	Network Junction Points	1 : Unrestrained 2 : Restrained	-	N/A
Road Class
	Roads	1 : Local 2 : Collector 3 : Minor Arterial 4 : Major Arterial 5 : Expressway/Motorway	-	N/A
Road Situation
	Roads	1 : Embankment 2 : Cutting 3 : Flat 4 : Abutment 5 : Bridge	-	N/A
Rolling Stock
	Railways	1 : Passenger 2 : Freight 3 : Passenger and Freight 4 : Tram 5 : Cable Car 6 : Other 7 : Unknown	-	N/A
Roof Cladding Class
	Buildings	1 : Clay/Concrete Tile 2 : Concrete Slab 3 : Membrane 4 : Metal Tile 5 : Other - Heavy 6 : Other - Light 7 : Sheet Metal	-	N/A
Roof Pitch
	Buildings	-	degrees	0 - 89
Seismic Restraining
	Electricity Substations On-Ground Reservoirs Pump Stations Treatment Plants	1 : Anchored 2 : Unanchored	-	N/A
Service
	Pipelines	1 : Waste Water 2 : Potable Water 3 : Storm Water 4 : Gas 5 : Oil 6 : Steam 7 : Chemical 8 : Raw Water	-	N/A
Services Value
	Buildings	-	NZ$	0 -
Stock Value
	Buildings	-	NZ$	0 -
Storage Capacity
	On-ground Reservoirs	-	m3	0 -
Storeys
	Buildings	-	no. of storeys	0 -
Support
	Telecommunication Cables Pipelines Pump Stations Treatment Plants	1 : Underground 2 : On-grade 3 : Suspended 4 : Overhead	-	N/A
Surface
	Roads	1 : Metalled 2 : Sealed 3 : Unmetalled	-	N/A
Use Category
	Buildings	1 : Residential Dwellings 2 : Commercial - Business 3 : Commercial - Accommodation 4 : Industrial - Manufacturing, Storage 5 : Industrial - Chemical, Energy, Hazardous 6 : Fast Moving Consumer Goods 7 : Government 8 : Territorial Authority/Civil Defence 9 : Lifeline Utilities 10 : Police 11 : Hospital, Clinic 12 : Fire Station 13 : Community 14 : Education 15 : Resthome 16 : Religious 17 : Forestry, Mining 18 : Farm 19 : Lifestyle 20 : Parking 21 : Clear Site 22 : Other	-	N/A
Utilities Building Condition
	Electricity Substations Pump Stations Treatment Plants	1 : Sound 2 : Deficient	-	N/A
Utilities Building Construction Type
	Electricity Substations Pump Stations Treatment Plants	1 : Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall 2 : Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame 3 : Steel Braced Frame 4 : Steel Moment Resisting Frame 5 : Light Timber 6 : Tilt Up Panel 7 : Light Industrial 8 : Advanced Design 9 : Brick Masonry 10 : Concrete Masonry	-	N/A
Utilities Building Storeys
	Electricity Substations Treatment Plants Pump Stations	-	no. of storeys	0 -
Utilities Building Year of Construction
	Electricity Substations Pump Stations Treatment Plants	-	year	1800 -
Vehicle Value
	Buildings	-	-	N/A
Vehicles
	Buildings Roads	-	-	N/A
Wall Cladding Class
	Buildings	1 : Weatherboard 2 : Stucco, Roughcast 3 : Corrugated Iron 4 : Plastic 5 : Fibre Cement Sheet 6 : Fibre Cement Plank 7 : Reinforced Concrete 8 : Concrete Masonry 9 : Brick 10 : Glass 11 : Curtain Wall Glazing 12 : Sheet Metal 13 : Other Sheet - Combustible 14 : Other Sheet - Non-Combustible 15 : Other	-	N/A
Waterway Type
	Waterways	1 : Channel 2 : Utility Watercourse	-	N/A
Width
	Roads	-	m	0 -
Year of Construction
	Buildings Electricity Substations Electricity Transmission Structures Network Junction Points On-ground Reservoirs Pipelines Pump Stations Railways Telecommunication Cables Telecommunication Transmission Structures Treatment Plants	-	year	1800 -

Attribute Qualities

Each asset attribute must be described by a quality level from the list below. This may be used by RiskScape to quantify the quality of the final result of an analysis

Index------	Name	Description
1	Global knowledge	Guessed from general understanding of assets
2	Derived - low reliability	Derived by random selection from distributions - low reliability
3	Derived - high reliability	Derived by random selection from distributions - high reliability
4	Supplied	Supplied by a reliable agent on a building by building basis (eg council, QV, owner)
5	Observed	Observed by a walk-by survey where only part of the asset is visible
6	Surveyed	Surveyed by detailed inspection of the specific asset
7	Measured	measured by reference to plans and engineering calculation

Exposure Types

Exposure types are the outputs from hazard models that RiskScape understands

Type	Comment	Measurement Unit
Ashfall	Ashfall distribution	0:not present, 1:present
Ground Shaking Intensity		MMI
Peak Ground Acceleration		g
Inundation Depth	Depth above ground	m
Inundation Duration	Length of Time Water is present at Location	hours
Inundation Velocity	Water Flow Velocity	m/s
Ash Thickness		mm
Ponding	Water is present at location	0:unlikely, 1:likely
Time to Drying	Time of last inundation since start of event	s
Wind Velocity	Wind Flow Velocity	m/s
Ground Displacement	Actual mass ground movement	boolean (y/n)
Potential Ground Displacement	Probability of mass ground movement occuring at a given location	probability
Pyroclastic Dynamic Pressure	Pressure exerted by the pyroclastic material	kPa
Lava Thickness	Height of the coverage of lava	m
Lahar Dynamic Pressure	Pressure exerted by the lahar material	kPa
Edifice Height	Height of any post-eruption edifice present	m
Cone Extent	Actual extent of a cone	boolean (y/n)
Caldera or Maar Extent	Actual extent of a cone	boolean (y/n)
Ballistics Distribution	The location of ballistic impact (TBC)	location
Snow Thickness	Snow thickness above ground	m
On Fire	Fire present at location	boolean (y/n)
Soil Moisture Deficit	The amount of rain needed to bring the soil moisture content back to the lands capacity i.e. the volume of water the soil can hold against gravity	mm
Drought	Drought present at location	boolean (y/n)
Mean Hailstone Size	The average diameter of hailstones	mm
Hail Present	Hailstones present at location	boolean (y/n)
Liquefaction Severity Number	integer >=0	LSN
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Hazard Footprint	Hazard present at location

Loss Types

Fragility functions producing the following measures of loss must be supplied for each asset/hazard combination.

Human Losses	Super-category; A measure of the detrimental effect on humans who are present in or at this asset of the asset's exposure to the hazardMeasured in people. Displayed as actual, ratio
	No or light injury	The person is either uninjured or only injured in ways that can be treated without trained medical assistance.(eg. bruising/contusion, minor cuts, sprains)
	Moderate injury	The person is injured such that they require expert treatment (paraprofessional or doctor), but which are not immediately life threatening if such treatment is not available.(eg. cuts requiring stitches, serious sprains, dislocations, significant burns (first degree, or second degree over small part of body), minor concussion (unconscious < 1 hr).)
	Serious injury	The person is injured such that they require a greater degree of medical care and use of medical technology such as x-rays or surgery, but not expected to progress to a life threatening status, full recovery expected with suitable treatment.(eg. open head or face wounds, concussion (unconscious > 1 hr), fractures (open, displaced or comminuted), dehydration or exposure, serious burns (third degree, or second degree over large part of body))
	Critical injury	The person sustains injuries that pose an immediate life threatening condition if not treated adequately and expeditiously, or long-term disability.(eg. brain damage, spinal column injuries, nerve injuries, crush syndrome, internal organ failures due to crushing, organ puncture, other internal injuries, uncontrolled bleeding, traumatic amputations of arms or legs)
	Dead	The person sustains injuries leading to immediate death.
Exposed State	State based loss; Whether or not an asset is exposed to the hazard (as opposed to affected by it)
	-1: Unknown	Outside of the modelled area
	0: Not Exposed	Inside the modelled area but hazard indicates zero intensity
	1: Exposed	Inside the modelled area and greater than zero hazard intensity
Damage State	State based loss; A measure of the extent to which the asset is damaged
	0: None	No damage
	1: Insignificant	Minor non-structural damage
	2: Light	Non-structural damage only
	3: Moderate	Reparable structural damage.
	4: Severe	Irreparable structural damage.
	5: Critical	Structural integrity fails.
Human Displacement	State based loss; A measure of the extent to which humans and human activities are displaced by exposure of the asset to the hazard
	0: None	No or minimal evacuation necessary (less than one day).
	1: One day to one week	Evacuation necessary but reoccupation possible after less than a week.
	2: One week to one month	Evacuation necessary and reoccupation not possible for between a week and a month.
	3: One month to six months	Evacuation necessary and reoccupation not possible for between one and six months.
	4: Greater than six months	Evacuation necessary and reoccupation not possible for more than six months.
Human Susceptibility	State based loss; A measure of the susceptibility to injury (damage) of a hypothetical human present in or at the asset
	0: Insignificant	The hazard will not threaten anyone; only those who deliberately put themselves at risk are susceptible to injury.(eg. people who go to the beach to watch tsunami arrive)
	1: Low	Only those caught in exceptional circumstances are susceptible to injury.(eg. )
	2: Medium	Only the most vulnerable are directly susceptible to injury.(eg. )
	3: High	Those who can move to a protective environment are unlikely to be susceptible to injury but others will be.(eg. )
	4: Extreme	Even the least vulnerable people (fit able-bodied) are highly likely to be susceptible to injury.(eg. catastrophic building collapse, flash flood)
Reinstatement Cost	Super-category; Encompasses all direct costs caused by exposure of the asset to the hazardMeasured in $. Displayed as actual
	Asset Repair Cost	Costs incurred in restoring the asset to its pre-event state
	Contents Repair Cost	Costs incurred in returning the contents (if any) of the asset to their pre-exposure state
	Services Repair Cost	Costs incurred in returning the services (if any) of the asset to their pre-exposure state
	Plant Repair Cost	Costs incurred in returning the plant (if any) of the asset to their pre-exposure state
	Stock Replacement Cost	Costs incurred in returning the stock (if any) held at the asset to their pre-exposure state
	Cleanup Cost	Costs incurred for necessary demolition, and/or removing debris, silt, effluent etc from an asset
	Disruption Cost	Costs incurred due to the disruption of activities usually conducted in the asset
	Vehicle Cost	Costs incurred due to the damage of vehicles located at the asset
Functional Downtime	Productive time lost due to the impact of the hazard on the asset.Measured in person-days
Probability of Failure	Probability of a failure occurring.Measured in %
Recovery Time	The number of days it will take to have the asset repaired to operable level.Measured in person-days

Hazard Types

Hazard types and the exposures they may generate

• Earthquake ( Ground Shaking Intensity, Peak Ground Acceleration, Hazard Footprint, )
• Fault Rupture ( Hazard Footprint, )
• Flood ( Inundation Depth, Inundation Duration, Inundation Velocity, Ponding, Hazard Footprint, )
• Landslide ( Ground Displacement, Potential Ground Displacement, Hazard Footprint, )
• Liquefaction ( Liquefaction Severity Number, Liquefaction Susceptibility, )
• Storm Surge ( Inundation Depth, Inundation Duration, Inundation Velocity, Ponding, Hazard Footprint, )
• Storm Tide ( Inundation Depth, Inundation Duration, Ponding, Hazard Footprint, )
• Subsidence ( Hazard Footprint, )
• Tsunami ( Inundation Depth, Inundation Duration, Inundation Velocity, Ponding, Hazard Footprint, )
• Volcanic Ashfall ( Ashfall, Ash Thickness, Hazard Footprint, )
• Volcanic Pyroclastic Density Current ( Pyroclastic Dynamic Pressure, Ash Thickness, Hazard Footprint, )
• Volcanic Lava Flow ( Lava Thickness, Hazard Footprint, )
• Volcanic Lahar ( Lahar Dynamic Pressure, Inundation Depth, Hazard Footprint, )
• Volcanic Edifice ( Edifice Height, Cone Extent, Caldera or Maar Extent, )
• Volcanic Ballistics ( Ballistics Distribution, )
• Wind ( Wind Velocity, Hazard Footprint, )
• Coastal Erosion ( Ground Displacement, Potential Ground Displacement, Hazard Footprint, )
• Snowfall ( Snow Thickness, Hazard Footprint, )
• Wildfire ( On Fire, )
• Drought ( Drought, Soil Moisture Deficit, )
• Hailstorm ( Mean Hailstone Size, Hail Present, )